Honors lab Chemistry Essay

0.032 g Volume of gas collected (mL) 30mL Barometric pressure (atm) 1.1 atm Room Temperature ( °C) 22  °C Vapor pressure of the water (torr) 19.8 torr Calculations: 1. Write the balanced equation for the reaction conducted in this lab, including appropriate phase symbols. (2 points) Mg(s) + 2HCl(a) + H2O(a) -> MgCl2(s) + H2 (g) 2. Determine the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas collected in the gas collection tube. (3 points) 1.1 atm = 0.026 atm + h2 3. Calculate the moles of hydrogen gas collected. (4 points) ! n = 1.074 atm x 0.03 L / 0.0821 x 295.15 K = 0.00133 mol H2 4. If magnesium was the limiting reactant in this lab, calculate the theoretical yield of the gaseous product. Show all steps of your calculation. (4 points) .032 g Mg * 1 mol Mg / 24.305 g Mg * 1mol h2 / 1 mol Mg = 0.0131 mol 5. Determine the percent yield of this reaction, showing all steps of your calculation. (3 points) Percent Yield = 0.00133 /0.0131 mol H2 Ãâ€" 100 = 10. 15 % Conclusion: 1. Would the following errors increase, decrease, or have no effect on the calculated moles of gas collected in the experiment? Explain your answers in complete sentences. a) The measured mass of the magnesium was smaller than the true mass. (3 points) It would not affect the number of moles calculated because it was not used to measure the moles of the gas. b) The actual temperature of the hydrogen gas is less than room temperature. (3 points) If the gas was cooler than its surroundings, its density would be greater, and the volume would appear to be smaller. Charles’ Law says that a gas’ volume is directly proportional to its temperature, if the pressure on it is constant. 2. Explain in terms of particle collisions and Dalton’s law why it can be assumed that the total pressure inside the gas collection tube is equal to the atmospheric pressure outside of the tube. (4 points) The particles inside the container are exerting force on the walls of the container, while the particles outside of the container are also exerting force. If there were any less pressure from the inside, the tube would collapse. If there were any less pressure from the outside, the tube would explode. 3. If an undetected air bubble was trapped inside the gas collection tube, how would this affect your calculated percent yield? Explain your answer. (4 points) The bubble would take up space in the container and the volume would decrease. Therefore the percentage yield would be incorrect.

Australian Aborigines †Short Essay Essay

The Australia Aborigine’s culture has always had my attention. From the places they lived to they way they where treated always amazed me. After reading about their rituals, social organization and settlement patterns for the textbook, they are a society of people who are all one. The type of kinship they practice is all is one. For example, if an outsider came to their tribe someone in the tribe would classify that outsider as their mother, and a name that is given to that tribe members real mother will be given to the outsider. According to Scheper-Hughes, N.in the 1993 article: Cephu’s choice: Is natural for human beings to want personal liberty? or is it a peculiarly western concern? some conclusions drawn from the indigenous cultures around the world. â€Å"Among Australian aborigines of the Western Desert, each new person comes into the world circumscribed by ancestral origin myths about ‘Dreamtime’ which structure the world and rigidly define the place of all aboriginal people within it. The myths determine each person’s position and the marriage strategies, kinship ties and friendship alliances that each must pursue in adherence to the sacred geography and its accompanying moral economy. ‘The Dreaming’, wrote William Stanner, ‘determines not only what life is, but also what it can be. Life, so to speak, is a one – possibility thing’. In this aboriginal society there is no sense of personal ‘agency’ fundamental to western notions of liberty and democracy. Nor is there any idea of an individual search for personal salvation which Christian missionaries have tried, but normally failed, to communicate. † The way Australia Aborigines use kinship affects the way they live, act and think. Since there system is â€Å"all is one† they live with the common understanding that they are all under one belief system. This can be compared to when someone in your family marries; the person they marry is now your family. This understanding creates a strong bond between people who are not technical blood related. The thought of people with such a bond helps in battles and growth within a society. In my own society the type of kinship seen in the aborigines can be seen with close family and friends. Our society tends to compare when we know the person or someone we trust knows the outside person. However, unlike the aborigines, our society has shown a way of turning away what is unfamiliar or unlike them. This brings a crack or weakness in our society because our bonds or circles are not as big because of it. I believe we can learn several things from foragers like the Australia Aborigines to make ourselves stronger. Reference: Scheper-Hughes, N. (1993, Cephu’s choice: Is natural for human beings to want personal liberty? or is it a peculiarly western concern? some conclusions drawn from the indigenous cultures around the world. New Internationalist, , 11-13. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/200094581? accountid=32521.

Need for Security Essay

Security and control is needed in a custodial environment as people are sent there for a reason so if they were allowed to do whatever they want then it wouldn’t be a punishment. An advantage of having control is that the staff will always have authority over the prisoners, which is vital as they must be able to enforce discipline. Another advantage of having control is that they can keep an account of offences that prisoners have committed. This will come in useful if the prisoner has adjudication, it will also come in usual when reviewing the prisoner. Having the IEP scheme in a prison is a good thing as it encourages the prisoners to behave, this will make security and control easier to manage as the prisoners aren’t doing things they shouldn’t be. It will also make prison life for the prisoners more enjoyable, which is an advantage as it’s another reason why they won’t misbehave. Searches are needed in prisons to ensure that prisoners aren’t in possession of any prohibited items, if they do have this then it could lead to potentially dangerous situations. An example of this is if a prisoner has a weapon then they may use this against other prisoners or against staff. It is also important that searches are carried out on visitors of the prison as they will try their hardest to smuggle items in for prisoners. This is an advantage as it prevents prisoners from having things that shouldn’t, having an item like drugs will lead to gangs within the prison and this is something that must be avoided. Another aspect of security which is a big advantage to the prisoners and the officers is the dynamic side of security. Prisoner officers monitor the prisoners to ensure that they are coping with life in prison; if they aren’t coping well at all it could lead to them becoming suicidal. Prisoners could self-harm or even commit suicide if the prison officers aren’t keeping an eye on them. It is the duty of the prison officer to ensure that they look after the prisoners so letting this happen would mean they aren’t carrying out their job efficiently. Having dynamic security is a big advantage as it stops this from happening.

Fate And Government Belief Concepts In Ancient Greece Essay

Fate And Government Belief Concepts In Ancient Greece - Essay Example This paper has addressed the Greek concepts of hubris, ananke, Eunomia, kalokagathia and demos through works of ancient literature and architecture. To bring together these aspects of Greek culture I will tie in the findings of each work: In Persians, Xerxes, by embracing the state of hubris, displayed runaway pride and ambition which cemented his confrontation with disaster; Homer’s The Iliad shows how the concept of ananke is so much a part of the fabric of Ancient Greece; Plato’s The Republic is an example of how the concept of Eunomia is so intertwined with the principle of justice; the concept of kalokagathia can be found in the structure and intent of The Parthenon. Ancient Greek culture was focused on the controls of destiny and judged this acceptance as heroic; in fact, those who fought the will of fate were considered cowardly fools. In conclusion, the examination of these concepts is an important point of study if one is to understand Greek society and how its members viewed the world around them. In order to view a culture appropriately and therefore its people, it is vital that the language and beliefs be the focus of any examination. The words they use will give the viewer and scholar insight into what they find important and what they fear. The thesis of this paper supports the study of Greek concepts as they relate to literature and architecture, allowing the reader a chance to peek back in time and better understand the thought-processes and belief systems of that ancient time.

The Constitutional question of cruel and unusual punishment and the Research Paper - 1

The Constitutional question of cruel and unusual punishment and the Death Penalty - Research Paper Example A scrutiny of US Supreme Court cases show that although the Court does not regard the death penalty per se as a form of â€Å"cruel and unusual† punishment, its manner of imposition, the circumstances and the persons upon whom it is imposed may bring the case within the ambit of the 8th Amendment clause. Table of Contents Abstract Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary 2.0 Introduction 3.0 Background: Death Penalty 3.1 General History of the Death Penalty 3.2 History of the Death Penalty in the US 4.0 Justifications of the Imposition of the Death Penalty 4.1 Retribution 4.2 Deterrence 4.3 Incapacitation 5.0 The 8th Amendment and the Concept of â€Å"Cruel and Unusual† Punishment 5.1 The Eight Amendment 5.2 US Supreme Court Decisions 5.2.1 Weems v. US 217 US 349 (1910) 5.2.2 Furman v Virginia 408 US 238 (1972) 5.2.3 Gregg v Georgia 428 US 153 (1976) 5.2.4 Coker v Georgia 433 US 548 (1977) 5.2.5 Edmund v Florida 458 US 782, 797 (1982) 5.2.6 Atkins v Virginia 536 US 304 ( 2002) 5.2.7 Roper v Simmons 543 US 551 (2005) 6.0 Discussion: Is the Death Penalty a Cruel and Unusual Punishment? 7.0 Conclusion Annotated Bibliography Executive Summary The question as to whether the death penalty is a ‘cruel and unusual punishment† within the context of the 8th Amendment is often the underpinning issue of many cases appealed to the US Supreme Court by appellants who were convicted and sentenced to death by the trial courts. The clause â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† first appeared in the 1686 English Bill of Rights and was adopted by the Commonwealth of Virginia Declaration of Rights. Its inclusion in the federal Bill of Rights was proposed by James Madison, who himself hailed from Virginia. Although it was successfully incorporated into the 8th Amendment, its exact meaning was not clearly explained nor its relevance in the American setting fully understood. Under the English law, the clause was meant to limit the English courts from imposi ng punishments that were too barbaric and cruel as was the practice of courts during the reign of the House of Stuart. Punishments such as drawing and quartering, boiling the convicts alive or crushing them with heavy objects were just some of the barbaric punishments that the English Courts in the Stuart era employed. In the American setting, the â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† clause was not much of an issue prior to the 20th century considering that the barbaric practices of the early English courts were unheard of. The modes of execution in the US include hanging, firing squad, gassing, electric chair and just recently, lethal injection. Although some of these modes of execution are more painful that the others, they are not considered barbaric and cruel punishments. A scrutiny of US case law on the matter reveals that the death penalty is not a â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† within the 8th Amendment context, and yet, sometimes it is. The Court has declare d that it does not per se infringe upon the 8th Amendment, and yet has also ruled in some cases that its imposition is â€Å"cruel and unusual† punishment. It depends on the circumstances of the case and perhaps, the perspective of the Court at the time a death penalty case is being heard. The first time that the clause was made a ground in an appeal was not a death penalty c

Motivational Methods Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Motivational Methods Paper - Essay Example Process theories are equity and objective-setting methods that provide guidance and insight on how employees make decisions to work hard or not, depending on their personal preferences. An administrator should understand that workers should feel safe in their working environments, particularly when modifications like downsizing are required (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2012). In such a situation, most workers tend to quit their jobs or put less effort when performing their duties. An administrator is obligated to remove this alleged negative imbalance. For motivational purposes, workers should be guided to have a relaxed mind and understand that the downsizing process will affect every individual. Visible rewards will be provided to boost the morale of employees. The approach will improve the quality of their work. According to expectancy theory, the drive to work is based on the association between expectation and valance. Managers should understand that employees are motivated by accomplishing set objectives and retaining visible rewards to boost their valances (Lombardi & Schermerhorn, 2007). Consequently, it is necessary to create a relationship between efforts, performance, and results that workers value. Administrators can also employ stakeholder mapping when downsizing their departments. It involves the identification of those responsible for bringing change. Every worker should be informed about the external contributors to this modification (Zelman, McCue & Glick, 2009). For instance, a registration department can have two financial analysts. One may be dealing with in-patients and the other outpatients. However, it would be appropriate for a manager reduce the number of financial analysts to one since they perform similar tasks. A severance pay and other benefits should be offered to the employee affected by downsizing. Process theories, expectancy theory and stakeholder mapping are fundamental theories that managers

Gender Issues and Cultural Constructs in Sex and the City Essay

Gender Issues and Cultural Constructs in Sex and the City - Essay Example Just like women are defined by patriarchal culture, men are also defined by culture, and this culture is also patriarchal. Because of this, there is inevitably a dichotomy between the terms â€Å"female,† which is biological, and â€Å"woman,† which is cultural. Similarly, there is a difference between â€Å"male,† which is biological, and â€Å"man,† which is cultural (Bartky, 2003). Both of the movies Sex and the City and Sex and the City 2 demonstrate how this is true. That said, each of the movies actually turn the traditional cultural definitions of men and women on their head, for the most part, in that the women in these movies are independent and assume the masculine role in different ways. Meanwhile, the men, who definitely take a backseat in these movies, much as they do in the television series, often take the traditional female role in many ways. This is not to say that the portrayals of the men and women are not culturally driven, as women in modern culture often do take on masculine qualities and men take on feminine qualities. Nonetheless, in the Sex and the City world, with the one notable exception, turns traditional culture, as opposed to modern culture, on its head. Analysis of the movies The best way to explain how these movies turn traditional culture on their head would be easiest if one examines the different couples who are in these shows. Carrie Bradshaw is the focus of both of these movies, as she is in the actual television series upon which these movies are based. Bradshaw is a blend of masculine and feminine qualities, although the masculine qualities in Bradshaw outweigh the feminine qualities, as dictated by culture. Carrie is a writer, and is successful, having published several books. This would be a typical masculine characteristic – Carrie is a breadwinner, and she has zero interest in anything domesticated. She doesn't cook, she is never seen cleaning, and she has no interest in having child ren. On the other hand, Carrie's boyfriend, turned husband, Mr. Big, takes on some of the more traditionally feminine characteristics, at least in the second film. Mr. Big does cook, as he is seen cooking in the first film, and makes an anniversary dinner for himself and Carrie in the second film. Mr. Big also likes old-fashioned movies, especially It Happened One Night, which is a classic romantic comedy. In the first film, Mr. Big takes on more traditional masculinity however, than in the second film. This is because Mr. Big is seen as Carrie's caretaker, more than in the first movie. He literally buys her a super-expensive penthouse apartment, and constructs her dream closet. He is also responsible, in the first film, for the dramatic tension in the film, as he stands Carrie up at the altar (they later marry). This feeds into the stereotypical male who is afraid of commitment. He dictates how the two will be married – he wants a low-key ceremony, she wants an over-the-top ceremony, and the two end up getting married according to what he wants. Therefore, Mr. Big is a protector of Carrie, is a provider for Carrie, and dominates Carrie with his wishes in the first film. He more of a traditional male in this way. By the second film, however, Mr. Big is neutered and takes on more of a feminine image. This is the film where he forces Carrie to watch the female-centric film, It Happened One Night, and Mr. Big is shown as somebody who is more of a homebody.

The Personal Statement According Architecture Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The According Architecture - Personal Statement Example The diverse nature of students in the CCA community also attracted me to the institution as I will get a chance to interact with students from diverse backgrounds. Architecture plays a great role in capturing a communities’ history and culture in a given era or historical period. Architectural works such as the Roman Coliseum, Taj Mahal, Empire state building and etcetera all capture the communities’ history during the time they were constructed. The cultural heritage of a community this is well captured in many areas by its architectural designs. Well-versed architects are very important in this regard if culture is to be preserved and thus my keen interest in this field. Architects are also the builders of the environment or habitation in which the populace lives at a given time. When we have well-trained architects, like that done in your institution, the contribution to the community is immense. They are able to plan cities and amenities with the consideration of the future in perspective. Haphazard planning and construction of cities result in problems in the future in the areas of poor drainage, sewerage and road networks. Architects help to enhance and improve a communities’ way of life since new methods and building materials are being discovered in every generation and they are the implementers of the same. With Society wishing to move on towards civilization and modernity in all spheres of life, architecture plays a major role in enhancing this. The man has migrated from living in caves to the ultra-modern habitations that are springing up all over the world. I feel I would contribute immensely to the community as your college equips me with the necessary knowledge and skills in this field.

Atrial Fibrillation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Atrial Fibrillation - Research Paper Example According to Bashore et al (2013), AF occurs in 10% of people above age 80. Generally, AF affects about 3% of the population in Europe and the US. The numbers increased by 1% between 2005 and 2014 In the developing countries, incidence is estimated to reach 0.4% for women and 0.5% for men (Lercari et al, 2014).   In a UK-based study, Framingham revealed that the risk of getting AF after 40 equals to one in six, regardless of sex, and one in for in individuals with a history of heart failure (Cottrell, 2011). The analysis of over 0.5 million cases in England allows to assume that males are more likely to develop AF than females (NCC-CC, 2006). However, there is an assumption that the real numbers are higher, since the screening does not cover the entire population (NHS Improvement, 2009). In the UK, 45.000 new cases are registered annually (Iqbal et al, 2005). Occurrence of AF implies organic lesion of the heart. Common cardiac causes include IHD, rheumatic heart disease, hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure, while some non-cardiac are the acute infection and lung and thyroid pathology. AF can also be iatrogenic and develop after the surgical manipulations in the thorax (NCC-CC, 2006). Apparently, AF would not develop without the damage to the cardiac tissue. The lesion becomes the reason why extra stimuli are being generated. The reparation processes in cardiac muscle, stretching and proliferation place more pressure on the atria, which, in turn, increases the pressure in the pulmonary veins. Such condition is known to be the precursor of heart failure, atherosclerosis, obesity, and valve disease – the direct causes of AF (Larson, 2009). Age is considered to be a principal risk factor for AF, as the incidence ascends from 0,5-1% of the population aged 50 to 23% of people over 80 years (Westerby and Cottrell, 2011). As far as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hypertension lead to IHD, they also form a

Beyond Worlds Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Beyond Worlds Introduction - Essay Example in 2002. He has also translated books and poems as well as having written other story collections. Agueros has been the recipient of many awards for his writing including the most recent Asan World Prize for Poetry (Poets.org). Though Agueros was an American, his parents had migrated from Puerto Rico. His father, who had worked as a police officer in Puerto Rico, came to New York in 1920, only to be able to work in factories and restaurants. Eleven years later, Agueros’ mother came to be a seamstress in the garment district. As immigrants living in a poor part of New York, his family received an early form of what is now welfare. As a graduate of high school in 1953, Agueros spent four years in the Air Force. It was after his discharge that he received a Bachelor of Arts from Brooklyn College in English in 1964 where he won the first of many literary awards in playwriting and poetry. He went on to obtain a Master of Arts in Urban Studies in 1970 from Occidental College (Espada). In â€Å"Sonnet Substantially Like the Words of F Rodriguez One Position Ahead of Me on the Unemployment Line,† Agueros writes a poem about business. In this poem, there are several uses of symbolism, using music and yo-yos to talk about business and how the average person can be taken advantage of in it. He appears to evoke his own frustrations about how it is difficult to ever be heard by corporations and to get jobs (Agueros, 2003). In â€Å"Halfway to Dick and Jane: A Puerto Rican Pilgrimage,† Agueros discusses the triumphs and trials that an immigrant encounters when coming to America. He describes it in such a way that readers can feel that Puerto Ricans may feel as though they have lost a part of who they are when they come to America. However, in his comparison to storybook characters Dick and Jane, he seems to suggest that even those characters were created in a fictional society and established an identity so migrants

Unconstitutional Book Banning Essay Example for Free

Unconstitutional Book Banning Essay Imagine you’re in graduate school and you’re doing your doctorate on a controversial issue. You’ve done most of the research however there’s one book that has specific information that you need, and you can only find it in that particular book. You’ve looked on the online database and find out that the book is in your universities library. You go to the library and ask for some help finding the book you need, however the librarian informs you that the book was recently banned. How is it that in a country that prides itself in freedom of speech and self expression, a book on a controversial issue has been banned? Does it not contradict what the founding fathers fought so hard for in the Revolutionary war? In today’s society the biggest reason for book banning is based on protecting moral values set in place in the home. Well meaning teacher, parents, and other would be censors worry that by exposing the nation’s youth to concepts such as sex, drugs, and alcohol they will start experimenting with these things. Ultimately they fear the breakdown of the moral values emphasized in the home. This is especially true for conservative Christians, in the past ten years books such as J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series and, Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials have caused a great deal of controversy among conservative Christians. The idea of magic, alternate and parallel universes is not a popular one among Conservative Christians. But does this really warrant all out banning books such as these? Most would say no, the ideals of a certain group should not determine what the rest of the population reads. The ideals of a minority should not determine what books are left on the shelves of libraries. It’s one thing if the private institutions chose not to stock certain books in their libraries, but it is a different matter entirely when they want to take books out of the public libraries where they are put for the enjoyment of the public. Banning books violates one of the fundamental rites the US was built on, freedom of speech and freedom of press. The freedom to read and write freely is fundamentally American. It allows citizens to express themselves without fearing repercussions from the government, or fellow citizens. It allows readers to read freely and make their own decisions. Book banning would create a narrow minded population, who don’t know how to reason for themselves. Thinking again of the argument of preserving family values, it must be taken into consideration the kind of television that is currently airing. In many ways TV is more graphic, and explicit. Yet it is tolerated, whereas even just crude language is apparently cause enough to ban a book. Parents are also worried about when their children who are reading above grade level are assigned books intended for students three to four grades above them. This can expose younger readers to seemingly inappropriate material. However there are other options, parents can talk to teachers and ask for more age appropriate books for their younger readers. Banning books violates the rites that our founding fathers fought so hard for in the Revolutionary War. Works Cited  Beatserfield, Suzanne M. â€Å"Parental Concerns About Book Content Should Not Be Dismissed. † English Journal 97. 3 (2008). Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. Connelly, Deborah S. To Read Or Not To Read: Understanding Book Censorship. Community Junior College Libraries 15. 2 (2009): 83-90. ERIC. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. Gallo, Don. â€Å"Teens Need Bold Books. † English Journal 97. 3 (2008). Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 10 Nov. 2011. Manning, Erin. â€Å"Parents Must Protect Children from Offensive Material in Books. † MercatorNet. (2009). Opposing Viewpoints. Web. 10 Nov. 2011.

Breakfast at Tiffany(TM)s Essay Example for Free

Breakfast at Tiffany(TM)s Essay Breakfast at Tiffanys is a romantic comedy that was released in America in the year 1961. Breakfast at Tiffanys was based on the novella by Truman capote. It introduces a young woman, played by Audrey Hepburn whose profession is a high class males escort, prostitute. When studying the film in more depth, I queried how and why a high class prostitute film could be so popular. In my article I will address and find out how and why the film is still so popular today. The film is a total of 110 minutes in length which is consequently 20 minutes longer than an average romantic comedy of today. The first scene is one of the main reasons why Breakfast at Tiffanys is so popular today. When making a film the opening scene is extremely important and needs to include certain things for the film to be popular and well selling. The opening scene of any film should set the scene and introduce the audience to the surroundings and setting of the film. When we see the character, protagonist, for the first time we are automatically drawn in by her as she is in the foreground and the only thing moving in the scene, our eyes are focused on her. The audience feels connected with her and has an opportunity to be a part of her life. The audience is then introduced to one of the main themes throughout the film of Tiffanys Tiffanys after this film became more popular and some members and shoppers of Tiffanys say that consequently Tiffanys was made by the link of the film and the well known jewellers. As the scene progresses the camera follows her from the side as she walks. Then the camera changes to behind her with the use of an over the shoulder shot to increase the already gained intimacy. The fact that she is an ordinary woman on an average day and she has nothing special makes the audience almost feel they could be her. Another reason why it is still so popular today is that it fits in with the romantic comedy criteria. Every girl or most girls love romantic comedies. The comedy can be identified in many of the scenes. For instance at the part scenes where lots of comedic techniques and ideas are used such as the cigarette burning a womans purple headdress and Holly checking the time on a mans watch consequently pouring a drink on the womans headdress. Also the cat jumping on everybody as they walked through the door. The comedy is basic and not to detailed as to not over power the romantic aspect of the film and this is why the film is still so popular. The soundtrack of the film is based around the song Moon River lyrics by Johnny Mercer, Music by Henry Mancini. The song is a total of 2 minutes 44 seconds and won an Oscar for the best original song. The music can be identified in many of the scenes, if carefully looked for. For instance in the party scene the song Moon River is played in the background but has been edited to create a more up-tempo version. The lyrics of Moon River are totally associated to the life of Holly Golightly. As the actress, Audrey Hepburn was no singer the song was very simple an only sung in one octave which almost makes the performance of the song more believable and the audience can relate to the lyrics more. The soundtrack can still be bought today from amazon and because it is still so widely available that helps the film stay so popular. Due to the advertising of the film, the film was made more popular. The poster that was widely used was the image of Audrey Hepburn on a white background with a border of blue, red and yellow. The poster has many hidden meanings in the images and colours used, for example, the border colours used, when added together, make the background colour of white. The yellow also used could mean wealth and link to jewellery from Tiffanys. Audrey Hepburns name is in capitals and black lettering as the film sold off her name. The picture of the protagonist takes up half of the poster as people aspire to be like her. The title of the film Breakfast at Tiffanys is in a red colour to represent Romance. In the background a shot of the end scene is added to show the setting of the film and to reveal the ending. All these things together make the film still so popular by creating a picture and selection of images which stick in the audiences mind for years to come. This poster can also still be bought in shops and on the internet. On Tuesday 5th December 2006 the Givenchy dress used in the 1961 film, was sold for 1.2 Million dollars which keeps Breakfast at Tiffanys constantly in todays society so the popularity of it is still withheld. Fashion of the 60s is still popular today whether that is because of the film or not, people still dress in 60s clothes and Audrey Hepburn is still kept as an admired icon. The novella that was used to base the film around had a different ending to the film. The ending of the novella resulted in Holly travelling to Brazil and sending Paul a postcard, Holly never wrote to him again. The director made the choice to change the ending for a variety of reasons. The way the novella ended was on a cliff hanger with loose ends which wouldnt make the film popular, so the director of Breakfast at Tiffanys decided to make the ending in to a typical happy, clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d ending that ties up all loose endings as more people prefer happy endings and they stay popular after time. The way the ending of the film now ends is that the audience can walk away from the film feeling happy and uplifted full of aspiration to be like her. Sinse the ending was changed i believe that it has helped the film to be influential to our culture and stay popular after 50 years due to the film still being a part of todays present society. Breakfast at Tiffanys is still so popular today due to the hard work and important techniques used when making the film, the film was created to achieve all the necessary aspects of a romantic comedy which hasnt changed in the last 50 years consequently making the film still a big hit today.

Organizational Culture In The Nestle Company Commerce Essay

Organizational Culture In The Nestle Company Commerce Essay Nestle has well-built business culture which is mirrored by the business logo itself. The logo, Good Food Good Life which is all the time affixed to its merchandise is the major direction for every activity inside the business. Nestle considers that good food is the chief basis of good health throughout life therefore it always sets nutrition, health and wellness as the centre of its business. The corporation tries to additionally expand and stress on these aspects. These three things Nutrition, Health and Wellness can be seen in all Nestle products and in the business mission statement additionally. (Ali et al (2009)) Talking regarding the corporation culture which is associated its people formation; Nestle has the culture of group determined and open gate policy which turn out to be one of its corporate strong points. The company emphasizes on collectivism and presentation direction approach to support workforce to work harder (Ali et al, 2009). Strategic Purpose Mission of Nestle is to create superior food so that individuals live a better life. There is an obvious association among this mission statement and the corporation logo. Since what the company trusts in, it struggles to bring customers foods that are safe, of high-class and offer finest nutrition to meet physiological requirements. Additionally it as well brings the essential ingredients of taste and satisfaction. Nestlà ©s corporate goal is to be the worlds major and best branded food producer, whereas ensuring that the Nestlà © name is identical with products of the uppermost class (Nestle Corporate Objective, 2009). It proves that Nestle has accomplished one element of its corporate goal which is to be the worlds biggest producer. This goal is associated to another objective of Nestle which is the company requirements to make certain that the product creates value that can be continued over the long-standing for shareholders, workforce, customers, business partners and the national economies in which Nestle functions. The major concern of Nestle is to give nutritional value for the consumers. Thats the reason in the website of the corporation, its obviously stated that Nestle is the worlds leading Nutrition, Health along with Wellness company; The CEO of Nestle, Paul Bulcke once believed that the goal is to be renowned as the head in the Nutrition, Health and Wellness and as the indication for financial performance, trusted by all stakeholders. Industry Analysis The threat of entry On the surface, people may believe that food along with beverages industry is reasonably easy to go into. This is right if the thoughtfulness is just regarding the capital needs. The capital necessity of entrance is not elevated therefore allow many parties to open their business in this business. This view is as well supported by the reality that numerous brands are occupying the shelves of supermarket or merchant. However if more aspects are taken into deliberation the danger of admission for food and beverages industry is reasonably high (medium level); The danger of entrance is affected by numerous factors which are economies of degree, capital needs, admittance to provide or allocation means, consumer of supplier reliability, skill, expected retaliation, legislation or government action and isolation (Johnson et al, 2005). For this business there is no detailed government legislation that oversees the entry of new entrants. The actuality is that there are numerous big players subsist in this industry and they are at international level which means the retribution is extremely huge. These big players have wide product lines and they have worldwide marketing approach that those local brands are not able to vie with. These large companies as well have a benefit in term of getting economies of level. They have further experiences to provide them benefit in terms of cost, client and supplier reliability. (Fong, Kathy (2007)) Threat of Substitute Threat of substitute is elevated in the food and beverages manufacturing. There are numerous alternatives existing that might decrease needs for company in the food and beverages manufacturing. To recognize the risk of the industry, the company cant simply stare at close alternative. Risk can be measured using price/performance relation and additional industry outcomes. There is a propensity for food and beverages producers to product wide variety of products. These products may compete with one or more to increase market share. It signifies that they turn out to be alternative for each other. For instance Nestle Koko Krunch Cereal can be the alternative for Nestle Nesvita cereal drink because both of them are planned for breakfast utilization. Since Nestle is providing not all types of food and beverages, those unoffered types may operate as the alternatives for the Nestle products. For instance Nestle has coffee in its product lines which is Nescafe; the alternative for it can be the soft drinks which are not in the collection of Nestle. In this matter the alternatives are as well very wide. For various food for example baby food, the alternative can be breastfeed which is free and present same or higher significance. (Fong, Kathy (2007)) Strategic Directions and Corporate Level Strategies of Nestle Corporate level strategy is as well tackling with the product range, international diversity, corporate organizing roles and management of range (Johnson et al, 2005). It is robustly associated to the strategic course of the company. Nestle applied international diversity which signifies it differentiates its products based on the local market and rivalry. The instance has been given in the chapter earlier than which shows the Nestle capability in adapting itself to the local market. (Jones, David (2008)) In choosing the corporate strategy a corporate might denote Boston Matrix, Ansoff Matrix or employ an easy SWOT analysis to set up where the corporation is and in which way it wishes to lead. Under is the BCG portfolio matrix for Nestle SBU. The categorization is based on the presentation of the SBU (the profit it generated to Nestle). Strategic course or development directions are strategic alternatives presented to an association in terms of products and market exposure (Johnson et al, 2005). There are 4 strategic development directions which are: protect/build product growth, market development and alteration Nestle has completed the 4 strategies. In current years, the company has followed a strategy of extension and transformation throughout attainment and divestment to attain a more balanced formation to the business. Product development is the major way of Nestle and made by the company RD team. While what a director of Nestle said renewal is to keep rapidity in the industry; company requirements to alter as a minimum as fast as consumer anticipation. Innovation is to uphold the leadership situation; to go faster and go further than what clients will tell (Nestle SWOT analysis, 2005). These 2 strategies are planned for internal expansion to attain higher volumes. In 2005, Nestlà ©s ice cream business element for the China Region launched 29 new products to attract more consumers having its worth enhanced (Nestle Attacks with New Products, 2005). Conclusion Conducting industry analysis is very significant every time a company needs to go into new market. Porter 5 forces along with industry life cycle are have-to-do analysis before making choice. Though for the existing companies particularly large extent companies, they require to pay attention to the prospect changes that might occur in the industry since these changes will impact the operation of the company in the business surroundings. Nestle as the leader in the food and beverages manufacturing has its own set of competencies that permit it to overcome the largest market share and left the competitors at the back. The centre competencies or strategic capacity of the company should fit what the most significant factors in shaping the achievement of the business are. It means that the centre competencies should be capable let the company to maintain its competitive benefits. (Bà ¤r et al (2004)) Portfolio matrix helps the business in shaping how to assign the investment based on the SBU. By understanding this, the company knows the way it should go. This is associated to the issues of market penetration, consolidation, product growth and diversification.

D. H. Lawrences The Rocking-Horse Winner Essay -- Lawrence Rocking Ho

D. H. Lawrence's The Rocking-Horse Winner â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† is a short story by D. H. Lawrence in which he creates a criticism of the modernized world’s admiration and desire for material objects. It was published in Harper’s Bazaar magazine in 1926 for the first time (E-Notes). The story’s main character, Hester, is a beautiful woman who is completely consumed by the idea of possession, and so she loses out on the love of family and the happiness of life. Her son, Paul, also learns to love wealth because of his negligent mother, constantly hearing the â€Å"whispers† of empty pockets in their home. D. H. Lawrence uses the relationship between Paul and Hester and their money in â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† to show the shortcomings of vanity and the falseness of appearances in the early twentieth century society. Hester is introduced to us in the story as an unnamed character, either â€Å"the woman† or â€Å"the mother†, making it apparent that there is a connection to the average person. â€Å"There was a woman who was beautiful, who started with all the advantages, yet she had no luck† (Lawrence 481). Lawrence begins his tale by introducing not only the main character, but the main question. What is luck? By revealing Hester’s definition of luck, Lawrence makes his disdain for his society’s need for unnecessary luxuries known. Hester believes that luck is the thing that enables you to attain wealth, but she does not believe that she has any. Of course, Hester is surrounded by innumerable signs of wealth: a mansion, servants, expensive clothing, pricey toys for her children, and a high-society life style. All she cares about is maintaining the faà §ade of perfection, buying the most expensive things just to look pretty with no job to... ...ty for ones own actions (E-notes). Lawrence uses his tale, â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner†, to show that wealth is a source of corruption which destroys a person and their bonds to their fellow man. People use money to buy the image of themselves they want others to believe is the real one; however, Lawrence’s story leads one to see that love and respect are not things that should be able to be bought and sold, and the world needs compassion to survive. Works Cited Charters, Ann. â€Å"David Herbert Lawrence†. The Story and It’s Writer: An Introduction to Short Fiction. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003. Lawrence, D. H. â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner†. The Story and It’s Writer: An Introduction to Short Fiction. Ed. Ann Charters. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003. â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner† E-Notes. 10 Oct. 2004.

Soil Hydrology Under Fire Essay -- Geology Natural Nature Essays

Soil Hydrology Under Fire Soil type is a function of five factors: parent material, climate, topography, biota, and time (Singer and Munns, 1996). Fire's effect on soil can be described in the same manner and, interestingly enough, is almost identical to the five factors of soil formation with only a couple of minor modifications. First, the parent material for a burned soil is the original soil itself plus the fuel consumed in the fire. Second, climate includes not only weather-related variables but also the burning temperature of the fire. This paper focuses specifically on one aspect of the climate factor: the effect of water. It investigates both how soil moisture influences fire severity, and conversely, how fire severity influences the hydrology of a soil. Based on this discussion a land management recommendation states that prescribed fires should be utilized during wetter times of the year to maximize the positive effects for vegetation and to minimize the negative effect of soil erosion. Rapid plant regrowth is essential to the rehabilitation of a burned area, for plants greatly influence the hydrology of a soil. But for plants to grow back on a burned area, they require several nutrients whose concentrations are modified by fires. The degree of these modifications are determined by a fire's temperature, but there are a few general trends. Levels of phosphorus (Kutiel and Shaviv, 1993 and Marion et al., 1991) and pH (Kutiel and Shaviv, 1993) both increase during a fire. Conversely, nitrogen decreases during a fire (Kutiel and Shaviv, 1993, Marion et al., 1991). Chemical concentrations in burned soils are greatly affected by a fire's intensity. Ulery and Graham (1993) classify fire intensity into three major cla... ...h deposition, and clipping effects on soil nutrients in chaparral: Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55, 235-240. Robichaud, P. R. and Waldrop, T. A., 1994, A comparison of surface runoff and sediment yields from low- and high-severity site preparation burns: Water Resources Bulletin, 30, 27-34. Samran, S., Woodard, P. M., and Rothwell, R. L., 1995, The effect of soil water on ground fuel availability: Forest Science, 41, 255-267. Scott, D. F. and Van Wyk, D. B., 1990, The effects of wildfire on soil wettability and hydrological behavior of an afforested catchment: Journal of Hydrology, 121, 239-256. Singer, M. J, and Munns, D. N., 1996, Soils: an introduction: Upper Saddle River, Prentice-Hall Inc., 480 p. Ulery, A. L. and Graham, R. C., 1993, Forest fire effects on soils color and texture: Soil Science Society of America Journal, 57, 135-140. Soil Hydrology Under Fire Essay -- Geology Natural Nature Essays Soil Hydrology Under Fire Soil type is a function of five factors: parent material, climate, topography, biota, and time (Singer and Munns, 1996). Fire's effect on soil can be described in the same manner and, interestingly enough, is almost identical to the five factors of soil formation with only a couple of minor modifications. First, the parent material for a burned soil is the original soil itself plus the fuel consumed in the fire. Second, climate includes not only weather-related variables but also the burning temperature of the fire. This paper focuses specifically on one aspect of the climate factor: the effect of water. It investigates both how soil moisture influences fire severity, and conversely, how fire severity influences the hydrology of a soil. Based on this discussion a land management recommendation states that prescribed fires should be utilized during wetter times of the year to maximize the positive effects for vegetation and to minimize the negative effect of soil erosion. Rapid plant regrowth is essential to the rehabilitation of a burned area, for plants greatly influence the hydrology of a soil. But for plants to grow back on a burned area, they require several nutrients whose concentrations are modified by fires. The degree of these modifications are determined by a fire's temperature, but there are a few general trends. Levels of phosphorus (Kutiel and Shaviv, 1993 and Marion et al., 1991) and pH (Kutiel and Shaviv, 1993) both increase during a fire. Conversely, nitrogen decreases during a fire (Kutiel and Shaviv, 1993, Marion et al., 1991). Chemical concentrations in burned soils are greatly affected by a fire's intensity. Ulery and Graham (1993) classify fire intensity into three major cla... ...h deposition, and clipping effects on soil nutrients in chaparral: Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55, 235-240. Robichaud, P. R. and Waldrop, T. A., 1994, A comparison of surface runoff and sediment yields from low- and high-severity site preparation burns: Water Resources Bulletin, 30, 27-34. Samran, S., Woodard, P. M., and Rothwell, R. L., 1995, The effect of soil water on ground fuel availability: Forest Science, 41, 255-267. Scott, D. F. and Van Wyk, D. B., 1990, The effects of wildfire on soil wettability and hydrological behavior of an afforested catchment: Journal of Hydrology, 121, 239-256. Singer, M. J, and Munns, D. N., 1996, Soils: an introduction: Upper Saddle River, Prentice-Hall Inc., 480 p. Ulery, A. L. and Graham, R. C., 1993, Forest fire effects on soils color and texture: Soil Science Society of America Journal, 57, 135-140.

Marketing and Company Culture Essay -- Analysis, Deshpande and Webste

This paper explores the various aspects of marketing and company culture and how both are interrelated within a functioning organization. Specifically, focus will be placed on the definition of company culture, the definition of marketing, how company culture and marketing are related, implementing both effectively, and finally a discussion of companies with excellent cultures. First, in order to have a complete understanding the relationship between marketing and company culture, one must know how company culture is defined. According to Leo Sin and Alan Tse, â€Å"Corporate culture has been defined as patterns of shared values and beliefs over time which produce behavioral norms that are adopted in solving problems† (295). Additionally, Debra Nelson and James Quick define organizational (corporate) culture as, â€Å"A pattern of basic assumptions that are considered valid and that are taught to new members as the way to perceive, think, and feel in the organization† (556). Furthermore, company culture is important because it facilitates higher efficiency, communication and collaboration between employees (Sathe, 9). In summary, the culture of an organization describes and determines how an organization and its employees will function in various situations. Beyond a definition of corporate culture, one also needs to look at how a company functions from a marketing perspective. According to the American Marketing Association, â€Å"Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large† (1). It can be seen clearly from this definition that marketing cannot be contained to merely advertising or a str... ...appos is another company recognized for a great culture and customer service. They have concentrated on maintaining the customer-centric view by pushing their marketing budget into developing customer service oriented culture and employees (Mickiewicz, 1). Both organizations have an understanding of the necessity of employee development and taking the viewpoint of the customer as Richard Drucker suggests. Through this research it can concluded that company culture not only affects and defines the company and the employees but marketing strategy as well. Furthermore, it would be beneficial to marketers and company executives alike for additional research to be conducted about how marketing can drive company culture and vice versa. However the empirical evidence of the numerous companies that already demonstrate excellent corporate culture and strategic marketing.

Econ Syllabus

I will spend most of the time going through the theory and ideas that form the fundamentals of labor economics. However, it is important that students are aware of the simple facts of labor market in the US. Using the theory and facts, it should be possible to evaluate labor market policies.II. Prerequisite: The course is designed for economics majors and others who are already seriously interested in economics. Economics 301 Is a prerequisite. Ill. Evaluation: There are two methods used to calculate the course grade; I will choose for you at the end of the term whichever method gives you the higher grade. Method 1 Is designed to reward students who show consistent progress throughout the course, while Method 2 rewards those students who show improvement over the semester. Methods : Quizzes Homework and participation First midterm Second midterm FinalDate: Swept. 25th, 2014 class time Date: Date: Deck. 14th, 2014, Methods: Homework and participation 45% IV. Textbook (required): Labor Economics, George J, Boras (McGraw-Hill 6th edition) You can also use the 5th edition, which is much cheaper, and the content is much the same. V. Course outline: My lecture will be based on the textbook, highlighting fundamentals of labor economics that students should grasp. I plan to cover the following topics, but changes could be made, subject to the progress of the course. 1. The basics The subject of labor economics Theory and facts 2.Labor Supply (1) The basic static individual labor supply The labor/leisure choice and indifference curve The budget constraint The hours of work decision Income and substitution effects Individual labor supply Effects of taxes and subsidies (2) Extensions Life cycle labor supply Labor supply over business cycle Retirement Family labor supply Fertility and labor supply 3. Labor Demand Inputs and the production function Employment decision: short-run and long-run Elasticity of substitution Derived demand 4. Labor market equilibrium Equilibrium i n the competitive labor marketNon-competitive labor markets: monopoly and monopoly 5. Wage differentials The hedonistic wage function Labor supply and risk Safety and health regulations 6. Human capital Education and income Present value calculations Costs and returns to schooling Training Age-earning profile Policy 7. Wage structure Earning distribution Why do wages differ? Changes in the earning distribution International income distribution 8. Labor Mobility Mobility and migration Immigration in the US Models of immigration Benefits and costs of immigration Immigration policy.

Frustration: Primary Education and Great Increase Essay

Frustration: it is a feeling of agitation and helplessness at not being able to do something. I felt frustrated once and it happened just not long ago†¦ Rising from primary to secondary school, it has been a big jump. I always thought that secondary school was no big deal and it would be easy. But I was wrong. In fact, for the first few months of my secondary school life, it was torturous and was equivalent to living in hell. When I first started secondary school, I did not get to know many people although there were ice-breaking activities as I was the shy and reserved type. But after a few days, I got to know this girl, Jane. Jane and I became really good friends and we shared almost everything together.But, Jane made friends with another girl, A, and A was friends with this girl, B. So, the 4 of us became inseparable and we formed a group. However, I realized that my quiet nature was no match for their â€Å"outgoingness† as they were too chatty. I was too shy to talk to them and was always excluded while they were talking. I felt left out so I left the group, alone and lonely. I was really upset and frustrated, and cried my tears out that night. I was unsure and afraid of making new friends and I was really sad. I became lonely and had no one to talk to. After a few days of loneliness, I finally plucked up my courage to make new friends. Friendship problems aside; another â€Å"factor† that has been making me agitated till now was–homework. When I first saw the timetable,I almost freaked out. There was a great increase in the number of subjects and subjects like geography and physics were totally stranger to me. Since there was a great increase in subjects, well, as a matter of fact, there would be a great increase in homework too. There was homework piling up day after day and I had difficulty catching up with several subjects. I was stressed out and almost wished that I had remained in primary school. After a few months, I managed to settle in and for subjects that I had difficulty catching u, I consulted my parents and teachers for help.Hopefully, the remaining years of my secondary school life would be easier and not that stressful. But, still, frustration is only for the time being. If you have the determination to overcome it, life would not be hell for you.

Marketing Strategy for Apple Ipod

Executive Summary The focus of this report is on the Apple iPod that has created increasing demands in various outlets. The iPod allows consumers to download their favourite music but also books, movies and now even allows one to surf the internet. In this reports you find an extensive analysis on how Apple has became such a huge company within its market and will show us how the popularity of the iPod has seemingly helped Apple to be become one of the most well known brands worldwide. In order to do this, the main areas of discussion I am going to focus upon are the company itself. I will look at the firms’ internal and external Marketing environment in order to provide an insight in what position the firm is in. Furthermore, I will look at the competition they are facing and what affect this have upon their marketing strategy. I will also provide recommendations will be provided on how Apple can strengthen their position in the market. Introduction Established in April 1976, Apple, develops, sells, and supports a series of personal computers, portable media players, mobile phones, computer software, and computer hardware and hardware accessories. Rather than releasing multiples of little products to try and win over consumers through market saturation, Apple releases higher end, high quality, and user friendly products. They believe in bringing in simplicity and innovation to the mass market and for that reason have been extremely successful. As of September 2007, the company operates about 200 retail stores in five countries and an online store where hardware and software products are sold. Its products include the Macintosh line of desktop and notebook computers, the Mac OS X operating system, the iPod music player and a portfolio of software and peripheral products for education, creative, consumer and business customers. [1] Apple introduced its first iPod portable digital music player. The product has proven unbelievably successful; over 100 million units have been sold in the six years since its introduction. In 2003, Apple's iTunes Store was introduced, offering online music downloads in integration with the iPod. The service quickly became the market leader in online music services, with over 3 billion downloads by August 2007. Steve Jobs announced that iTunes had reached 4 billion downloads during his keynote address at the 2008 Macworld Conference & Expo. [2] Apple is recognized as an unparallel in computer designing and compatibility. The sleek and state of the art design of the Apple’s products snatch away the consumers mind quite easily than the rest. The Apple iPod The iPod is the fastest selling music player in history. Apple has sold over 100 million iPods since the player’s introduction in October 2001, [2] although sales have said to have started slowing; the company currently enjoys a Microsoft-like domination of the MP3 player market. From the early iPods to the new iPod touch, it has gone through a significant change and has opened the user’s world from the palm of their hands. In January Apple reported the best quarter revenue and earnings in Apple's history so far. Apple posted record revenue of $9. 6 billion and record net quarterly profit of $1. 8 billion. 42% of Apple's revenue for the First fiscal quarter of 2008 came from iPod sales. [3] Another interesting statistic for this is that 40% of last quarter's iPod sales went to first-time buyers, and just shows that the music player market is far from saturated as some have stated. [4] This iconic product is considered by many to be a must have item. â€Å"The iPod is to music players what Kleenex is to tissue or Xerox is to copiers. †[5] The Marketing Environment Apple operate on a global level with 200 stores in 5 countries. Nowadays Apple is more commonly know for the iPod. The iPod has dominated digital music player sales in the United States and United Kingdom with many companies struggling to find a product to challenge the iPod. Due to the ever-changing market, businesses like Apple need to monitor the ever-changing business environment and make sure they are going in the right direction. A business can then only plan where it is going if it knows where it is starting from. Finding out where a business is at the moment involves looking at its micro and macro environment. Micro-Environment Porter’s Five Forces The microenvironment consists of those factors that affect the firm directly. This model helps to contrast the micro environment of a firm. (Refer to Appendix A) What we know is that competition in the market is very intense A wrong move could have a harmful affect with your competitors moving ahead of you due to the intensity of the competition in the market. In relation to that, customers are in a strong position as they have more bargaining power and due to the fact there are many substitutes. With the Microsoft Zune 8 it makes it really difficult for new consumers to make a decision between the two. Often customers will pay due to the iPod reputation and its important Apple keep this high. Macro-environment Pest analysis To further analyse the external marketing environment, the macro environment we conduct a PEST analysis. Such external factors usually are beyond the firm's control and sometimes present themselves as threats. PEST is the abbreviation for political, economic, social and technological. (Refer to Appendix B for full PEST analysis) The Competition In the PC market Apple face intense competition form the likes of Dell, Toshiba and HP. Whilst in operating system, Microsoft are the biggest rivals. In both these Apple do not have a great hold. However in the Mp3 market, which is more relevant, Apple have dominated the Market since the release of the iPod. With the competition current coming from SanDisk and Samsung. [12] Its safe to say that although Apple is diversified more than most of its competitors, their differentiation is a biggest strength because they spend so much on R, which is what seperates them from their competition. SWOT Analysis A summary of Apples SWOT analysis is that Apple are in a very strong position because it has a powerful brand name and is recognised globally, coupled with its huge fan base of consumers gives them many strengths within the market. The fact that they are so popular in the mp3 market gets them a lot of attention within the media. Only Microsoft due to being Apples biggest competitor will get a large amount of media coverage. The iPod itself in terms of ease of use and innovative technology means that it is very difficult to match. Only the Microsoft Zune 8 can compare to the design and usability. Although may have been released to late in order to make real challenge against the iPod. For Apple to overcome the potential threats, they must continue to be inventive and explore opportunities globally. R + D and product innovation are of the utmost importance. Apple must continue to improve and be innovative to remain market leaders, otherwise other companies may capitalise on any kind of drop in standards. Although one of the largest digital music sellers in the world, iTunes face a bit of competition from Amazon as well as Myspace, Apple have a target on their backs and only takes a company with good resources to challenge them. for full SWOT analysis refer to Appendix C) Marketing Objectives Due to Apples secretive attitude, finding real evidence of real goals is difficult. What we can deduce however is that although iPod sales are starting to slow they still want to maintain high turnover and profit. That’s the major objective of any of its competitors. Also from resea rch over various sources Apple are aiming hoping to: †¢ Improve brand awareness †¢ Improve sales with the iPod touch. †¢ Improve position in the mobile phone market, with the help of the SDK for the i-phone (Aiming to sell 10 million iphones this year Improving sales of the iPhone and the touch, as they are the ‘in’ products which everybody wants, would help them gain a enormous amount of revenue and help spread the brand. Marketing stratergy I think Apples main stratergy is there appeal to their customers. What you find in general with many of their products more btter looking than the competitions. One thing we can see is Apple building on the popularity of the iPod. It appeals to the Mass market. Now appeal less as a computer company and more of a electronics company and seem more user-friendly. Apple have a differentiation stratergy. Apple products are known to have a unique appeal, with its sleek designs a userbility. Due to this it gets a lot of attention from consumers and the media. Without much advertising or marketing on their part. They give something new and unique to talk about which everybody gets pulled in to. With the iPod there not only selling a mp3 player, there selling a social chic. Everybody has one and everybody wants one. Target Market Target market †¢ Apple Ipod focused particularly at those between the age of 12-25, consistent with their advertising. Bright colours and and a man dancing. It will appeal to both males and females †¢ People who have a passion or interest in music and/or literature †¢ Technology enthusiasts The iPod appeals to the mass market, everyone is a potential customer. Young or old. They have music, literature and podcasts all avaiable for the iPod owners. The simplicity and sleek design is what attracts people. Although the latest ones (the touch) are exp ensive, and may be aimed at higher and older earners. Marketing mix The marketing mix consists of four elements: Products, Price, Place and Promotion, better known as the 4p’s. The marketing mix can only be made when the target customer is known, which I have done above. |Product |Price | | | | |This product allows consumer’s to download not only their |When initially launched into the mp3 market, Apple utilised pricing | |favourite music but also books and photos. Nowadays with the|strategies in the form of psychological and skimming prices. Most of | |latest versions of the iPod you can watch videos and surf on|the websites have the iPod touch at ‘? 199. 00. ’ This makes consumers | |the internet with one small device. Apple have introduced |think it is much cheaper than ‘? 200. 00’ but in reality it is only a | |updated versions of the iPod starting from the first iPod in|pound less. The high price is on the basis of the companies | |2001 to the iPod touch (refer to appendix D). These are |popularity, and the unique design of the ‘touch’. It will also attract| |extension stratergies to increase the product life cycle of |an image of quality with their products. | |the iPod. | | | |[pic] | |The fact that the is product differentiated making it unique| | |will make product both functional and desirable to potential| | |consumers. | | | | |Promotion |Place | | | | |By promoting the iPod it will satisfy the needs of the |Apple has many distribution channels, from their online Apple Store, | |customers. Consumers will gain better understanding of the |to their retail stores and many resellers around the world. Indirect | |product and how it works. All in all advertising and |distribution where third parties are involved in the sales process are| |promotions will bring more awareness to their products and |also used. These resellers will sell to the smaller firms who cannot | |potentially more sales. |aford to buy directly from Apple. | |Apple's promotion strategy, was the surprise element that it| | |attached just before they released the iPod. There was a |The iPod is available to purchase at most major stores within the UK. | |heavy speculation and curiosity regarding the product and |From specialist electronic stores to supermarkets. Stores from Apple | |everyone was watching out for it. It allowed fans and |retailers to Tesco sell the iPod. They are also available all over the| |enthusiastic tech and entertainment media to spread the word|internet from places like Amazon to ebay. A countless amount of | |of the gadget even before its release. Just when iPod was |retailers will stock the iPod such is its popularity | |launched Apple advertised extensively for the iPod, this is | | |where the infamous commercial showing a man listening to the| | |songs on his iPod and dancing. A similar stratergy has been | | |used throught the release as with increasing the popularity | | |of iTunes. | Evaluation of the Apple Strategies The overall position of Apple is profitable as sales have increased over the last years. Sales of the iPod have been increasing since it had been released. Although sales for this quarter have been said to be slow. [pic] Source: wikipedia[2] This has been reflected in their strategies to expand through the introduction of newer more innovative designs and this is why they are market leaders in the mp3 market. Apple has a lot of few different range ranges of iPod products, like the shuffle, the nano, the video and touch. All of which have different prices. This is a good strategy as it appeals to a wide mass market. The fact that Apple append very little on Advertising on their products compared to many of its firms, is down to the general buzz and interest of their products. There teasing with products entices the media and technology enthusiast tin wanting more. However this may not always be the case, for apple to consider more advertising may be important. The differentiation approach sets Apple apart from its competitors however Microsoft is challenging Apple. They have the money and resources to match. It would be fairly foolish to think that Apple is too strong in the market. They need to continue to invest a lot of money in R+D. With products like the iPhone and the Touch it can be said they are going in the right direction, in achieving innovative, unique designs. I also think Apple have a huge opportunity in supporting the whole education system. It has the money and resources to do this. Possibly negotiating contracts with schools and universities, for pod casts even computers could put Apple in a challenging position in the computer market. Having agreements with universities, and schools can increase there popularity and awareness. Conclusion â€Å"Apple has nearly 250 stores worldwide and now derives 20 per cent of its revenue from them. And those numbers are growing. In the quarter to the end of September 2007, for example, Apple reported that its retail stores accounted for $1. 25bn of the company's $6. 2bn revenues – a 42 per cent increase over 2006. †[14] Since the release of the iPod, about half of Apple's revenues come from music and iPods. Interest in the iPod and iPhone has made other apples products popular, like the Mac whose sales have increased. Apple has demonstrated how to create real, breathtaking growth by dreaming up products so original and imaginative that they have taken industries by storm. To maintain control in the mp3 player market, they need to maintain their quality and strategic marketing plans if they want to keep ahead. Apple leads the industry in innovation and many other things like design features. Sony, Microsoft, Creative are all right behind Apple. The battle of the MP3 players will surely be an excellent example of competition that breeds better products, with Apple taking the first step with the iPod Touch and iPhone. The iPod was ground-breaking technology that was absorbed by mainstream culture, and now has become the epitome of portable audio. Companies such as Apple will need to be self-motivated if they are to stay ahead of the game. Differentiation and innovation is the key in maintaining their dominance. Apple has a high competitive advantage because of its excellent product image. They use simplicity and lustrous designs to appeal to customers. The electronic market gets connected more and more with the entertainment market. With already the market leader in the digital sales market, it would not be surprising to see Apple move in to TV. Appendices Appendix A [pic] Source: Corporate Stratergy finntrack. com[8] (Rivalry Calling the level competiton in the mp3 industry as intense is an understatement. The this case we have the like of Sony, Samsung and Creative, with many more in the whole market. Apple commands 70 percent of the MP3 player market. 10] However with concerns of the MP3 market being saturated, its puts more pressure on businesses to succeed. With the innovative designs like the iPod touch and the iPhone it shows why apple are leading the market. (Threat of Substitutes Countless substitute products are available for the iPod whether they are actually better or even appeal more is a different matter, but the threat is still very high. The more diffe rentiation th less like a switch to a substitute will occur. To date no company have come close to meet the popularity of the Apple products. Reason being the innovative designs and ease of use have convinced most customers to stick with Apple. Higher prices need to be justified by the differentiation of the product. Substitutes such as the Sony NW-(A806), Microsoft Zune 8 and many others, can still attract many customers but with imaginative designs like the iPod Touch leaves many companies playing catch up. (Threats of new entrants Although it is possible, its unlikely. Start up costs would be very high so little chance new entrants would enter a very competitive market unless they have a very differentiated and innovative product. Existing firms have established themselves in the market and have created strong brand awareness. (Bargaining Power of Customers The bargaining power of customers is high due to the fact it is easy to switch to a substitute where quality or price, even both is better elsewhere. With so many substitutes of similar quality, its down to the business to make their products more appealing. Apple have done this with their strong vision to build innovative, unique products and have made their products easy to use. (Bargaining Power of suppliers Suppliers don’t have much power over larger corporations like Apple. With the booming chinese economy, Apple can change suppliers without any major consequences, if they are in disagreement over price and quality. However Apple have built a strong relationship with their suppliers, with strict procedures and this in turn helps Apple achieve it targets. â€Å"Our business environment is competitive and fast-paced. Our suppliers must understand this dynamic and be agile and flexible in responding to changing business conditions. †[11] Appendix B Political: | |Governments with stricter laws on copyright | |An anti-american agenda may be brought against them. Some people may choose not to use american products | |Economical: | |Inflation currently has increased in UK and the US and may affect current sales of ipods which have already slowed. |Global economy in a down turn | |The exchange rate will also affect Apple as they are importing or exporting goods within the int ernational market. | |Social: | |Again Anti-american agenda may cause potential customers to but from another company. | |A generally aging british population, so many may be put off by the technology | |As much as it is a iPod culture, it can go away as quickly as it came. People may find something else which is better and| |more value for money. | |Technological: | |Many substitutes available from iRiver, Samsung and sony | |Competition moving away from copy protection on songs. Such as amazon. | |Peer-to-peer file sharing applications like Limewire and Kazaa are still extremely popular. Although this is a problem | |with the music industry on a whole. This still however affects iTunes. | Appendix C Strengths: †¢ The products itself appeals to both males and females †¢ All the iPods starting from the very first have a great reputation amongst it customers for its userability. †¢ Great technology underpinnings that allow the creation of powerful products. Allows them to attract a huge customer base due to their innovation and technology †¢ Very user focused and always committed to a superb user experience, in all their products †¢ Limited edition ranges, increases product life cycle. Limited editions ranging from U2 to BMW Weaknesses: †¢ High prices may push potential customers to competitors with substitutes at a better price. †¢ Technology is changing at a faster rate than ever. For Apple to remain profitable, they must invest huge amount of money in their R&D to remain competitive. †¢ Questions over reliability of the iPod [2] Oppurtunities: †¢ iPod was is revolutionary technology that has become part of mainstream culture, Apple can capitalize on that †¢ To develop themselves in to other markets due to the reputation they earned from the iPod. New designs may be available to boost sales and extend the product life cycle e. g. the iPod touch. †¢ iPods have also gained popularity for use in education. Apple offers more information on educational uses for iPods on their website. [13] Threats: †¢ Very high level of competition, a lot of substitutes, possibly offering cheaper prices i. e. iRiver †¢ Cheap fakes being made of the iPod and the iPod shuffle †¢ Concerns of market being extremely saturated. †¢ Competition, with the like of Amazon in digital sales [7] Appendix D [pic] Sources: Wikipedia [2] and Mactracker Apple Inc. Model database References: 1. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Apple_Computer 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ipod 3. Apple Reports First Quarter Results(January 2008), [Accessed date: 14th March 2008]-http://www. apple. com/pr/library/2008/01/22results. html 4. Tim Conneally, (February 2008) Nearly 3% of America became iPod converts over the holiday, [Accessed date: 14th March 2008]- http://www. betanews. com/article/Nearly_3_of_America_became_iPod_converts_over_the_holiday/1204309531 5. Betsy Morris, (March 2008 ) What makes Apple golden, [Accessed date: 9th March 2008] – http://money. cnn. com/2008/02/29/news/companies/amac_apple. fortune/ 6. Q/A with apple employees and analysts(January 2008): Reading the runes for Apple [Accessed date: 5th March 2008]-http://www. guardian. co. uk/technology/2008/jan/10/apple. steve. jobs#swot 7. Jefferson Graham, (March 2008), Amazon takes on Apple with copy-protection-free music [Accessed date: 20th March 2008]- http://www. usatoday. com/money/media/2008-03-25-sony-music service_N. tm 8. Corporate strategy [Accessed date: 25th March 2008] -www. finntrack. com/corporate_strat. htm- 9. http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/porter_five_forces. htm [Accessed date: 25th March 2008]- 10. Leander Kahney, (March 2008)How Apple Got Everything Right By Doing Everything Wrong [Accessed date: 27th March 2008]-http://www. wired. com/techbiz/it/magazine/16-04/bz_apple 11. Apple and Procurement [Accessed date: 29th March 2008]- htt p://www. apple. com/procurement/ 12. Jeremy Horwitz(August 2006) iPod maintains 75. % share of U. S. MP3 player market [Accessed date: 31st March 2008] http://www. ilounge. com/index. php/news/comments/ipod-maintains-756-share-of-us-digital-music-player-market 13. iTunes U and mobile learning[Accessed date: 2nd April 2008] http://www. apple. com/education/itunesu_mobilelearning/ipod. html 14. John Naughton(March 2008) Core values that turned Apple into the best store in town [Accessed date: 4th April 2008] http://www. guardian. co. uk/media/2008/mar/30/marketingandpr. apple Bibliography

Will Doing a Master’s Get Me a better job?

Many students wrestle with the decision whether to take up Postgraduate study at the end of their Undergraduate degree. For some students this is to put off the thought of getting a ‘real-job’ for another year (which is a bad reason to do a Master’s!), but for others it is seen as a route to further develop their education, themselves, and – ultimately – their employability. But that invariably comes with a cost: another year of course fees, accommodation and bills, and remaining a poor student. So how do you know if Postgraduate study is for youToday we look at whether a Master’s is for you†¦Post-Graduate Study To Get a JobOne of the most commonly cited reasons that students give for pursuing Master’s courses is because they feel the qualifications will boost their salary. On first impressions, the statistics suggest that people with master’s qualifications are more likely to find work than those with undergraduate degrees – and they’re likely to earn a slightly higher wage. Data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency (Hesa) shows 86.6% of postgraduates were working in professional positions six months after graduating, compared with 64% of first degree graduates. Sounds great, right?A Master’s is not a Magic TicketHowever, students need to remember that there isn’t an explicit labour market for Master’s qualifications. This means that many master’s graduates – especially those with generalist rather than vocational qualifications – will still be competing against first degree graduates for jobs. If you’re studying a technical master’s – for example in a pharmaceutical or medical subject area – then it’s likely that this will enhance your employability above an undergraduate. However, if you’re doing a master’s of a more generic nature that’s not essential to the advertised job, employers will probably view you in the same way as other graduates.What does this mean?This would mean that those graduating with Master’s degrees need to highlight to employers that recruiting someone with an additional qualification will benefit their organisation. If you’ve done a more general master’s course that isn’t required by a prospective employer then you need to show what skills you’ve gained – research skills, lateral thinking and so on. You should show that you’re able to study something in-depth and do good critical analysis, a transferable skill in all walks of employment.Funding I ssuesFinding funding to study a Masters isn’t easy and for a lot of students, a lack of funding means that continuing university study isn’t an option. Some universities may have scholarship opportunities or offer discounts to students who move from undergraduate to postgraduate level. You don’t get a student loan either for Master’s Study – so you need to be sure it is definitely what you want before committing to it.How do I get the most out of my Master’s Degree?To get the most out of a Master’s degree you need to have a clear goal and an idea of what you want to get out of it. If you want to get into industry, then think strategically – make sure that you’re getting work experience or going on placements and that this links in with your studies. Put as much research into finding a postgrad course as you did when searching for an undergraduate course – and think about the end game. Ultimately its important for students not to embark on a postgraduate course just because they think that it will make them more employable. You will need to explain to employers what benefits their qualification will bring, but there is no denying that – if you a clear goal and reason for study – that enhancing your skills with a postgraduate degree will enhance your employability.

1 page report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

1 page report - Research Paper Example Companies will avoid law suites which are brought by harming the environment. Environment is made dirty when companies litter in places like beaches. There are some companies that emits carbon into the air and others spill oil into the sea (Anderson, 2006). By engaging in these practices, companies will never face law suits. Another importance for companies engaging in these practices is saving costs on production of their products. These are companies that have started recycling programs where they recycle plastic containers etc. These saves cost of producing new plastic products and it eventually cleans the environment. These practices are used by some companies as business strategies. Companies that protect the environment are praised by people because they are responsible. They get good opinion by people and customer loyalty. It is important for companies to engage in environmental sustainability practices because there are global challenges of energy efficiency. There is also climate change due to emissions by companies. Human activities have brought climate change and this should be reduced (Ramon, 2007). Living in a dirty environment predisposes people to diseases. There are several steps that companies can take in order to become environmentally sustainable. The first step is by reducing rubbish by recycling. Recycling of some rubbish reduces the operation costs of a company. Recycling of rubbish will eliminate littering which eventually encourages pests. Another step that companies should take is by manufacturing eco-friendly products. These are products that are environmental friendly. The eco-friendly products do not emit carbon and are not harmful to the environment. For instance, car manufactures are designing cars that consume less energy and emit less carbon. Air pollution is another area considered by companies. Companies are taking caution in emitting gases into the air. Some gases are dangerous when inhaled by employees and

The Accidental Tourist- Why and how Muriel Changed Macon Essay

The Accidental Tourist- Why and how Muriel Changed Macon - Essay Example Out of the blue Macon recognizes that he is on the brink of insanity. One reason for the change in Macon’s character is his sudden realization of how he failed to use his mental power to repel his pain. Another reason is his realization of the uncultivated emotional strength that he is pushed away from. The changing character of Macon is perplexing to his brother, Charles. Macon responds to Charles’s confusion (Tyler 2002, 228): â€Å"I’m more myself than I’ve been my whole life long.† Before the fated rendezvous with Muriel, Macon is a generous but anxious individual with a traditional sense of decency and refined fairness. Macon is a neurotic, overwhelmed with particular fears about being killed by lead-poisoned canned orange juice. All about him is contained. Even the manner in which he mourns over his deceased son is contained, hence at the surface it appears more like apathy. When his wife wrongly blames him for not truly loving their son and walks out of the restaurant, Macon musters his pride and pushes himself to eat his meal. His wife wants to face their son’s killer. She would force the killer to grasp the terrible nature of his action and afterward would kill him on the spot. Macon, who is not at ease with obsessive sentiments, says to his wife, â€Å"We can’t afford to have these thoughts† (Tyler 2002, 21). His wife retorts: â€Å"Easy for you to say†¦ pretend it never happened. Go rearrange your wrenches from biggest to small est instead of from smallest to biggest; that’s always fun† (Tyler 2002, 21). This confrontation is one of the defining roots of Macon’s change, propelling him to the path of Muriel who changes him significantly. The first meeting of Macon and Muriel is a clash of two completely dissimilar characters, compelling the change in Macon’s character. As Muriel deepens her place in Macon’s heart, he recognizes that, with her bright clothes and flowery fragrance,

U can choose one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 17

Strategic management - Essay Example In this approach, resource allocation plays a major role as implementation of a plan requires wide array of resources. There has been numerous models and frameworks developed by practitioners in context of strategic decision making. This approach cannot be considered as static in nature and the models comprise of feedback to monitor execution. Strategies are designed by organizations in order to obtain valuable and unique position in the market place. Strategic management helps an organization to identify its areas of strengths that can be utilized to obtain desirable goals and objectives. In this particular study, strategic management at Nestle will be thoroughly analyzed. Nestle is a Swiss multinational company belonging to the food and beverage industry. The company has its headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland. Nestle can be stated as the largest food company in context of revenue margins. A merger of Anglo-Swiss Milk Company led to the formation of Nestle in 1905. The company has e xpanded its business operations through product diversification strategy. It initially manufactured infant formula products and condensed but later shifted into wide range of products such as bottled water, tea, coffee, breakfast cereals, baby food, dairy products, frozen food, confectionary, snacks, ice-creams and pet foods. On the other hand, the company has even done series of corporate acquisitions so as to sustain its position in the industry. Nutrition can be stated as the core principle in Nestle’s business operations. However in the current scenario more emphasis is given on this factor along with wellness and health. Individual business units and corporate wellness units of Nestle are major driving forces in Good Life, Good Food to end users. The global population has witnessed a tremendous growth and it has summed up to six billion. There have been changes in lifestyle and even living standards have improved in

Professionalism in physical therapy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professionalism in physical therapy - Assignment Example Indeed, the issue of the community cannot be left out in determining whether dentistry or any other occupation qualifies as a profession. This is because of the social contract that every professional has with public he or she serves. The social contract is clear though not in written form; it tends to dictate over all other functions relating any profession involving provision of services to the public. The advantage of the community responsibility approach is that it underpins the majority of other characteristics (Welie, 2004). The code of conduct as a major characteristic in the classification of any occupation as a profession which revolves around provision of services to the community in a responsible and accountable manner. Based on the community responsibility criterion, a profession must satisfy an indispensable social need and be based upon well established and socially acceptable scientific principle. This criterion supports the notion that the professional status is besto wed on an individual by the public. Â  The advantage of using this criterion revolves around compelling workers or individuals referring themselves as professionals to internalize the conceptualization that their actions are subject to the public scrutiny and approval (Welie, 2004). As a result, professionals are expected to conduct themselves in a manner that is acceptable to the community. This also ensures that people bearing the title professional execute their role in the best way possible and according.

West and the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

West and the world - Essay Example The occupation of the Americas was fundamental for the development of the various European countries. As such, they employed specific strategies in their attempts to carve out huge empires in the regions. Among the strategies they used was the divide and rule, a technique the European employed thereby setting the indigenous people against each other thereby making them weak thus easy to rule. Furthermore, the European enjoyed economic and military might thereby quelling any form of opposition from the indigenous people. Using the above techniques, the Europeans readily occupied the most arable lands in the various countries thereby enhancing their economic growth. Â   The Europeans encountered numerous people including the indigenous people in the areas they occupied. The red Indians in North and Central America and the Latinos were among the groups of indigenous people the Europeans encountered in the quest to colonize the Americas. The indigenous people were few and lived in scattered structured. This made them vulnerable and exposed thereby making it easy for the Europeans to occupy. The outcomes of the encounters were bloody as the European often used force in their attempt to occupy the areas. Â   Making of the three empires above remain vital in the development of the world. The structures of the early empires influence the political structures of the specific regions. Among the factors that necessitated the development of the empires was the need for the societies to have centralized leadership. This way, the people could coexist peacefully under the leadership of a single leader. The empires resulted in the fortification of the regions as each empire developed clear demarcation thereby forming diplomatic relationships with other regions. This enhanced the development of trade thus enhancing the economic development of the regions. Additionally, the regions formed appropriate

Textual Analysis of Nafta in the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Textual Analysis of Nafta in the Media - Essay Example However, the trade agreement has received criticism from different quarters in the United States and thus a textual analysis of all the comments was necessary. Analysis of NAFTA data The process context analysis involves quite a number of procedures and data sourced from different sources. Most of the criticism of NAFTA came from administrators, politicians and other experts through newspapers articles, websites, online publications and the mainstream media. In the process of analyzing text it is important for the researcher to conduct the study by collecting data rather than making wild unsupported claims (pg. 140). The messages and data attributed to the NAFTA agreement by various administrators in the United States should be analyzed carefully using evidence. Evidence based research is important in validating the data produced or relayed through various media. Messages being relayed by various interested parties interested in the NAFTA go through a lot of processes in their produc tion. Data on NAFTA has been in existence since 1994 when the agreement when the agreement came into existence. In the process of context analysis it is important for the researcher to collect information from different sources. For the data to have empirical data value it is important for the researcher to conduct analysis by identifying and contacting the participants. In the analysis of NAFTA it is important for the content of the text to be derived from interviews or data sourced from different researches conducted. Many administrators in the United States have framed NAFTA as a trade agreement that does not benefit the United States but instead it favors Mexico. Most of the politicians and trade officials hold these views. Since the main participants in this analysis are administrators and politicians it is important to make contact with them during the analysis (pg. 139). Context analysis involves testing hypothesis from messages with a view of analyzing the context and correc tness of the data presented by the participants. In the case of NAFTA data has to be collected through sampling by use of purposive samples focused on different regions in the United States. Using purposive sampling, samples can be gathered from different regions in the United States with focus on economic data. For instance, since the agreement was enacted in 1994, data samples from the media would be gathered from online sources and researches. Each media category could attract one sample per month for the next ten years and these samples would be used the context analysis (pg. 145). Process of Analyzing NAFTA Data In the process of analyzing text it is important for the researcher to use the set out and recognized data analysis methods. Content analysis is made up of four intricate steps which are; unitizing, sampling, coding and analysis. In the process of analyzing how the NAFTA has been framed by different interest groups in the media, it is important to first come up with a r ational purpose of the data analysis. The process of analyzing NAFTA’s data we start with unitizing whereby we create the content by choosing the content to analyze. Our unit of data in connection to NAFTA is newspaper articles, news interviews, online publication and research studies conducted on NAFTA (pg. 149). The most pragmatic approach is to use research conducted by various analysts in the analysis of NAFTA data. Since NAFTA covers the three countries on Mexico, Canada and United States, it is important